CVE-2026-48581 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2026-48581
Vulnerability Scoring

7.8
/10
Very High Risk

Highly exploitable, CVE-2026-48581 poses a critical security risk that could lead to severe breaches.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Local
    Vulnerability requires local system access.
  • Privileges Required: Low
    Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2026-48581 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕜 24 Jul 2026, 13:37 UTC
Originally published on: 🕔 14 Jul 2026, 17:16 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 9 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

secure@microsoft.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2026-48581 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2026-48581: Insufficient granularity of access control in Microsoft Surface allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2026-48581

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2026-48581 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2026-48581

CVE-2026-48581 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2026-48581, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2026-48581, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2026-48581 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2026-48581 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2026-48581 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2026-48581 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1220

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs CAPEC-1 In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
  • Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels CAPEC-180 An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_1943_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_1943_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_1943:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_1943:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2_2013_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2_2013_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2_2013:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2_2013:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3_2013_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3_2013_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3_2013:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3_2013:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_1960_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_1960_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_1960:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_1960:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_with_lte_advanced_1961_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_with_lte_advanced_1961_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_with_lte_advanced_1961:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_with_lte_advanced_1961:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1979_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1979_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1979:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1979:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1951_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1951_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1951:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1951:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1953_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1953_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1953:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1953:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1959_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1959_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1959:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1959:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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