CVE-2026-16481 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2026-16481
Vulnerability Scoring

Analysis In Progress
Analysis In Progress

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity:
    Attack Complexity Analysis In Progress
  • Attack Vector:
    Attack Vector Under Analysis
  • Privileges Required: None
    No authentication is required for exploitation.
  • Scope:
    Impact is confined to the initially vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2026-16481 Details

Status: Received on 27 Jul 2026, 19:17 UTC

Published on: 27 Jul 2026, 19:17 UTC

CVSS Release:

CVE-2026-16481 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2026-16481: A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) and credential exfiltration vulnerability exists in the cloud-healthcare-fhir-fetch-page tool of googleapis/mcp-toolbox. The tool takes an unvalidated pageURL parameter from the client and issues an HTTP GET request to it using an authenticated client. The underlying transport automatically attaches an Authorization: Bearer header to every outbound request regardless of the destination host. An attacker can supply an arbitrary external URL to the pageURL parameter (either directly via the tool execution payload or implicitly via data-driven pagination tracking loops), leading Toolbox into sending its OAuth/service-account access token to an attacker-controlled listener. Depending on the configuration, this leaks either the end-user's token or the broader service-account access token (ADC), potentially exposing Protected Health Information (PHI) and secondary Google Cloud Platform services.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2026-16481

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2026-16481 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2026-16481

No exploitability data is available for CVE-2026-16481.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2026-16481, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2026-16481, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: None
    CVE-2026-16481 does not compromise confidentiality.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2026-16481 does not impact data integrity.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2026-16481 does not affect system availability.

CVE-2026-16481 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-918

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Server Side Request Forgery CAPEC-664 An adversary exploits improper input validation by submitting maliciously crafted input to a target application running on a server, with the goal of forcing the server to make a request either to itself, to web services running in the server’s internal network, or to external third parties. If successful, the adversary’s request will be made with the server’s privilege level, bypassing its authentication controls. This ultimately allows the adversary to access sensitive data, execute commands on the server’s network, and make external requests with the stolen identity of the server. Server Side Request Forgery attacks differ from Cross Site Request Forgery attacks in that they target the server itself, whereas CSRF attacks exploit an insecure user authentication mechanism to perform unauthorized actions on the user's behalf.

Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2026-16481: Combat Critical CVE Threats

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