Cybersecurity professionals consider CVE-2025-9133 an immediate threat requiring urgent mitigation.
Status: Received on 21 Oct 2025, 03:15 UTC
Published on: 21 Oct 2025, 03:15 UTC
CVSS Release: version 3
security@zyxel.com.tw
Primary
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-9133: A missing authorization vulnerability in Zyxel ATP series firmware versions from V4.32 through V5.40, USG FLEX series firmware versions from V4.50 through V5.40, USG FLEX 50(W) series firmware versions from V4.16 through V5.40, and USG20(W)-VPN series firmware versions from V4.16 through V5.40 could allow a semi-authenticated attacker—who has completed only the first stage of the two-factor authentication (2FA) process—to view and download the system configuration from an affected device.
The exploitability of CVE-2025-9133 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).
CVE-2025-9133 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.
A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.
Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.
Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.
Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-9133, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.
Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-9133, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.
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