CVE-2025-66568 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-66568
Vulnerability Scoring

9.1
/10
Critical Risk

As a catastrophic security flaw, CVE-2025-66568 has severe implications, demanding immediate intervention.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-66568 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕘 10 Dec 2025, 21:25 UTC
Originally published on: 🕓 09 Dec 2025, 16:18 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 1 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVE-2025-66568 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-66568: The ruby-saml library implements the client side of an SAML authorization. Versions up to and including 1.12.4, are vulnerable to authentication bypass through the libxml2 canonicalization process used by Nokogiri for document transformation, which allows an attacker to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. When libxml2’s canonicalization is invoked on an invalid XML input, it may return an empty string rather than a canonicalized node. ruby-saml then proceeds to compute the DigestValue over this empty string, treating it as if canonicalization succeeded. This issue is fixed in version 1.18.0.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-66568

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-66568 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-66568

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-66568 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-66568, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-66568, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-66568 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2025-66568 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2025-66568 does not impact system availability.

CVE-2025-66568 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-347

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Padding Oracle Crypto Attack CAPEC-463 An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.
  • Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation CAPEC-475 An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.8.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.12.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:onelogin:ruby-saml:1.17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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