CVE-2025-66405 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-66405
Vulnerability Scoring

9.8
/10
Critical Risk

As a catastrophic security flaw, CVE-2025-66405 has severe implications, demanding immediate intervention.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-66405 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕘 20 Feb 2026, 21:21 UTC
Originally published on: 🕚 01 Dec 2025, 23:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 80 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2025-66405 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-66405: Portkey.ai Gateway is a blazing fast AI Gateway with integrated guardrails. Prior to 1.14.0, the gateway determined the destination baseURL by prioritizing the value in the x-portkey-custom-host request header. The proxy route then appends the client-specified path to perform an external fetch. This can be maliciously used by users for SSRF attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.14.0.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-66405

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-66405 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-66405

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-66405 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-66405, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-66405, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-66405 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2025-66405 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-66405 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2025-66405 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-918

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Server Side Request Forgery CAPEC-664 An adversary exploits improper input validation by submitting maliciously crafted input to a target application running on a server, with the goal of forcing the server to make a request either to itself, to web services running in the server’s internal network, or to external third parties. If successful, the adversary’s request will be made with the server’s privilege level, bypassing its authentication controls. This ultimately allows the adversary to access sensitive data, execute commands on the server’s network, and make external requests with the stolen identity of the server. Server Side Request Forgery attacks differ from Cross Site Request Forgery attacks in that they target the server itself, whereas CSRF attacks exploit an insecure user authentication mechanism to perform unauthorized actions on the user's behalf.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.5.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.7.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.8.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.9.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.11.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:portkey:gateway:1.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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