CVE-2025-4478 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-4478
Vulnerability Scoring

7.1
/10
Very High Risk

Highly exploitable, CVE-2025-4478 poses a critical security risk that could lead to severe breaches.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: Required
    User interaction is necessary for successful exploitation.

CVE-2025-4478 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕣 14 Oct 2025, 20:39 UTC
Originally published on: 🕒 16 May 2025, 15:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 151 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

secalert@redhat.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

CVE-2025-4478 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-4478: A flaw was found in the FreeRDP used by Anaconda's remote install feature, where a crafted RDP packet could trigger a segmentation fault. This issue causes the service to crash and remain defunct, resulting in a denial of service. It occurs pre-boot and is likely due to a NULL pointer dereference. Rebooting is required to recover the system.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-4478

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-4478 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-4478

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-4478 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-4478, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-4478, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: None
    CVE-2025-4478 has no significant impact on data confidentiality.
  • Integrity: Low
    Exploiting CVE-2025-4478 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-4478 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2025-4478 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-476

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.0:beta5:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.0.2:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.1.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.1.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc0:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc0:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:2.11.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:rc0:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:rc0:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.0.0:beta4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.10.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.11.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:freerdp:freerdp:3.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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