CVE-2025-41231 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-41231
Vulnerability Scoring

7.3
/10
Very High Risk

Highly exploitable, CVE-2025-41231 poses a critical security risk that could lead to severe breaches.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Local
    Vulnerability requires local system access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-41231 Details

Status: Received on 20 May 2025, 13:15 UTC

Published on: 20 May 2025, 13:15 UTC

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security@vmware.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L

CVE-2025-41231 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-41231: VMware Cloud Foundation contains a missing authorisation vulnerability. A malicious actor with access to VMware Cloud Foundation appliance may be able to perform certain unauthorised actions and access limited sensitive information.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-41231

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-41231 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-41231

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-41231 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-41231, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-41231, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-41231 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: Low
    Exploiting CVE-2025-41231 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
  • Availability: Low
    CVE-2025-41231 may slightly degrade system performance without fully affecting service availability.

CVE-2025-41231 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws CAPEC-665 An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2025-41231: Combat Critical CVE Threats

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