CVE-2025-41078 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-41078
Vulnerability Scoring

8.1

/10

Severe Risk

Cybersecurity professionals consider CVE-2025-41078 an immediate threat requiring urgent mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: Low
Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
Attack Vector: Network
Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
Privileges Required: Low
Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
Scope: Unchanged
Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
User Interaction: None
No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-41078 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕗 29 Jan 2026, 20:12 UTC
Originally published on: 🕒 12 Jan 2026, 15:16 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 17 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVE-2025-41078 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-41078: Weaknesses in the authorization mechanisms of Viafirma Documents v3.7.129 allow an authenticated user without privileges to list and access other user data, use user creation, modification, and deletion features, and escalate privileges by impersonating other users of the application in the generation and signing of documents.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-41078

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-41078 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-41078

CVE-2025-41078 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-41078, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-41078, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: High
Exploiting CVE-2025-41078 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
Integrity: High
CVE-2025-41078 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
Availability: None
CVE-2025-41078 does not impact system availability.

CVE-2025-41078 References

External References

https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-viafirma-products

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-863

Vulnerable Configurations

cpe:2.3:a:viafirma:documents:3.5.121:*:*:*:*:-:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:viafirma:documents:3.5.123:*:*:*:*:-:*:*
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CVE-2026-2447 – Heap buffer overflow in libvpx. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 147.0.4, Firefox ESR < 140.7.1, and Firefox ESR < 115.32.1.
CVE-2026-2032 – Malicious scripts that interrupt new tab page loading could cause desynchronization between the address bar and page content, allowing the attacker...
CVE-2026-2560 – A vulnerability has been found in kalcaddle kodbox up to 1.64.05. The impacted element is the function run of the file plugins/fileThumb/lib/VideoR...