CVE-2025-40128 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-40128
Vulnerability Scoring

Analysis In Progress
Analysis In Progress

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity:
    Attack Complexity Analysis In Progress
  • Attack Vector:
    Attack Vector Under Analysis
  • Privileges Required: None
    No authentication is required for exploitation.
  • Scope:
    Impact is confined to the initially vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-40128 Details

Status: Awaiting Analysis

Published on: 12 Nov 2025, 11:15 UTC

CVSS Release:

CVE-2025-40128 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-40128: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix symbolic link reading when bs > ps [BUG DURING BS > PS TEST] When running the following script on a btrfs whose block size is larger than page size, e.g. 8K block size and 4K page size, it will trigger a kernel BUG: # mkfs.btrfs -s 8k $dev # mount $dev $mnt # mkdir $mnt/dir # ln -s dir $mnt/link # ls $mnt/link The call trace looks like this: BTRFS warning (device dm-2): support for block size 8192 with page size 4096 is experimental, some features may be missing BTRFS info (device dm-2): checking UUID tree BTRFS info (device dm-2): enabling ssd optimizations BTRFS info (device dm-2): enabling free space tree ------------[ cut here ]------------ kernel BUG at /home/adam/linux/include/linux/highmem.h:275! Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 667 Comm: ls Tainted: G OE 6.17.0-rc4-custom+ #283 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS unknown 02/02/2022 RIP: 0010:zero_user_segments.constprop.0+0xdc/0xe0 [btrfs] Call Trace: <TASK> btrfs_get_extent.cold+0x85/0x101 [btrfs 7453c70c03e631c8d8bfdd4264fa62d3e238da6f] btrfs_do_readpage+0x244/0x750 [btrfs 7453c70c03e631c8d8bfdd4264fa62d3e238da6f] btrfs_read_folio+0x9c/0x100 [btrfs 7453c70c03e631c8d8bfdd4264fa62d3e238da6f] filemap_read_folio+0x37/0xe0 do_read_cache_folio+0x94/0x3e0 __page_get_link.isra.0+0x20/0x90 page_get_link+0x16/0x40 step_into+0x69b/0x830 path_lookupat+0xa7/0x170 filename_lookup+0xf7/0x200 ? set_ptes.isra.0+0x36/0x70 vfs_statx+0x7a/0x160 do_statx+0x63/0xa0 __x64_sys_statx+0x90/0xe0 do_syscall_64+0x82/0xae0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 </TASK> Please note bs > ps support is still under development and the enablement patch is not even in btrfs development branch. [CAUSE] Btrfs reuses its data folio read path to handle symbolic links, as the symbolic link target is stored as an inline data extent. But for newly created inodes, btrfs only set the minimal order if the target inode is a regular file. Thus for above newly created symbolic link, it doesn't properly respect the minimal folio order, and triggered the above crash. [FIX] Call btrfs_set_inode_mapping_order() unconditionally inside btrfs_create_new_inode(). For symbolic links this will fix the crash as now the folio will meet the minimal order. For regular files this brings no change. For directory/bdev/char and all the other types of inodes, they won't go through the data read path, thus no effect either.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-40128

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-40128 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-40128

No exploitability data is available for CVE-2025-40128.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-40128, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-40128, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: None
    CVE-2025-40128 does not compromise confidentiality.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2025-40128 does not impact data integrity.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2025-40128 does not affect system availability.

CVE-2025-40128 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

Unknown

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