CVE-2025-31650 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-31650
Vulnerability Scoring

7.5
/10
Very High Risk

Highly exploitable, CVE-2025-31650 poses a critical security risk that could lead to severe breaches.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-31650 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕗 06 May 2025, 20:15 UTC
Originally published on: 🕗 28 Apr 2025, 20:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 8 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVE-2025-31650 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-31650: Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Incorrect error handling for some invalid HTTP priority headers resulted in incomplete clean-up of the failed request which created a memory leak. A large number of such requests could trigger an OutOfMemoryException resulting in a denial of service. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 9.0.76 through 9.0.102, from 10.1.10 through 10.1.39, from 11.0.0-M2 through 11.0.5. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6 which fix the issue.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-31650

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-31650 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-31650

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-31650 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-31650, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-31650, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: None
    CVE-2025-31650 has no significant impact on data confidentiality.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2025-31650 poses no threat to data integrity.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-31650 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2025-31650 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-459

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.76:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.76:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.77:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.77:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.78:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.78:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.79:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.79:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.80:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.80:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.81:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.81:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.82:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.82:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.83:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.83:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.84:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.84:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.85:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.85:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.86:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.86:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.87:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.87:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.88:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.88:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.89:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.89:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.90:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.90:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.91:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.91:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.92:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.92:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.93:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.93:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.94:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.94:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.95:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.95:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.96:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.96:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.97:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.97:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.98:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.98:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.99:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.99:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.102:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:9.0.102:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.22:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.23:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.24:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.25:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.26:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.26:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.27:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.29:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.30:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.31:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.31:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.32:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.32:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:10.1.39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone10:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone10:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone11:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone11:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone12:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone12:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone13:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone13:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone14:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone14:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone15:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone15:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone16:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone16:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone17:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone17:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone18:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone18:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone19:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone19:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone20:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone20:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone21:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone21:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone22:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone22:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone23:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone23:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone24:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone24:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone25:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone25:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone5:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone6:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone7:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone8:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone8:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone9:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:11.0.0:milestone9:*:*:*:*:*:*

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