CVE-2025-29913 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-29913
Vulnerability Scoring

9.8
/10
Critical Risk

As a catastrophic security flaw, CVE-2025-29913 has severe implications, demanding immediate intervention.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-29913 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕣 07 May 2025, 20:41 UTC
Originally published on: 🕚 17 Mar 2025, 23:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 50 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2025-29913 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-29913: CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. A critical heap buffer overflow vulnerability was identified in the `Crypto_TC_Prep_AAD` function of CryptoLib versions 1.3.3 and prior. This vulnerability allows an attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) or potentially execute arbitrary code (RCE) by providing a maliciously crafted telecommand (TC) frame that causes an unsigned integer underflow. The vulnerability lies in the function `Crypto_TC_Prep_AAD`, specifically during the computation of `tc_mac_start_index`. The affected code incorrectly calculates the MAC start index without ensuring it remains within the bounds of the `ingest` buffer. When `tc_mac_start_index` underflows due to an incorrect length calculation, the function attempts to access an out-of-bounds memory location, leading to a segmentation fault. The vulnerability is still present in the repository as of commit `d3cc420ace96d02a5b7e83d88cbd2e48010d5723`.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-29913

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-29913 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-29913

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-29913 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-29913, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-29913, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-29913 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2025-29913 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-29913 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2025-29913 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Overread Buffers CAPEC-540 An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:nasa:cryptolib:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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