CVE-2025-23419 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-23419
Vulnerability Scoring

4.3
/10
Medium Risk

The vulnerability CVE-2025-23419 could compromise system integrity but typically requires user interaction to be exploited.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: Low
    Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-23419 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕝 12 Nov 2025, 14:50 UTC
Originally published on: 🕕 05 Feb 2025, 18:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 279 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

f5sirt@f5.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVE-2025-23419 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-23419: When multiple server blocks are configured to share the same IP address and port, an attacker can use session resumption to bypass client certificate authentication requirements on these servers. This vulnerability arises when TLS Session Tickets https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_ticket_key are used and/or the SSL session cache https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_ssl_module.html#ssl_session_cache are used in the default server and the default server is performing client certificate authentication.   Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-23419

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-23419 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-23419

CVE-2025-23419 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-23419, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-23419, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: Low
    CVE-2025-23419 could lead to minor leaks of non-critical information without major privacy breaches.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2025-23419 poses no threat to data integrity.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2025-23419 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.043% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 12.0% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 88.0% of others.

CVE-2025-23419 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-613

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.11.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.13.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.15.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.16.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.16.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.16.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.17.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.18.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.18.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.19.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.20.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.20.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.20.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.20.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.20.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.20.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.21.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.0:*:*:*:open_source:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.0:*:*:*:open_source:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.1:*:*:*:open_source:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.1:*:*:*:open_source:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.23.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.25.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx:1.25.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r28:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r29:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r29:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r30:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r30:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r31:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r31:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r32:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r32:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r32:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r32:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r33:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r33:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r33:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:f5:nginx_plus:r33:p1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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