CVE-2025-22031 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-22031
Vulnerability Scoring

5.5
/10
Significant Risk

Security assessments indicate that CVE-2025-22031 presents a notable risk, potentially requiring prompt mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Local
    Vulnerability requires local system access.
  • Privileges Required: Low
    Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-22031 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕡 29 Apr 2025, 18:57 UTC
Originally published on: 🕒 16 Apr 2025, 15:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 13 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVE-2025-22031 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-22031: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: PCI/bwctrl: Fix NULL pointer dereference on bus number exhaustion When BIOS neglects to assign bus numbers to PCI bridges, the kernel attempts to correct that during PCI device enumeration. If it runs out of bus numbers, no pci_bus is allocated and the "subordinate" pointer in the bridge's pci_dev remains NULL. The PCIe bandwidth controller erroneously does not check for a NULL subordinate pointer and dereferences it on probe. Bandwidth control of unusable devices below the bridge is of questionable utility, so simply error out instead. This mirrors what PCIe hotplug does since commit 62e4492c3063 ("PCI: Prevent NULL dereference during pciehp probe"). The PCI core emits a message with KERN_INFO severity if it has run out of bus numbers. PCIe hotplug emits an additional message with KERN_ERR severity to inform the user that hotplug functionality is disabled at the bridge. A similar message for bandwidth control does not seem merited, given that its only purpose so far is to expose an up-to-date link speed in sysfs and throttle the link speed on certain laptops with limited Thermal Design Power. So error out silently. User-visible messages: pci 0000:16:02.0: bridge configuration invalid ([bus 00-00]), reconfiguring [...] pci_bus 0000:45: busn_res: [bus 45-74] end is updated to 74 pci 0000:16:02.0: devices behind bridge are unusable because [bus 45-74] cannot be assigned for them [...] pcieport 0000:16:02.0: pciehp: Hotplug bridge without secondary bus, ignoring [...] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference RIP: pcie_update_link_speed pcie_bwnotif_enable pcie_bwnotif_probe pcie_port_probe_service really_probe

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-22031

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-22031 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-22031

CVE-2025-22031 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-22031, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-22031, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: None
    CVE-2025-22031 has no significant impact on data confidentiality.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2025-22031 poses no threat to data integrity.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-22031 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2025-22031 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-476

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.13.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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