CVE-2025-21194 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-21194
Vulnerability Scoring

7.1
/10
Very High Risk

Highly exploitable, CVE-2025-21194 poses a critical security risk that could lead to severe breaches.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: High
    Exploits require significant effort and special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Adjacent_network
    Attack Vector Under Analysis
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: Required
    User interaction is necessary for successful exploitation.

CVE-2025-21194 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕑 08 Jul 2025, 14:14 UTC
Originally published on: 🕕 11 Feb 2025, 18:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 146 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

secure@microsoft.com

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2025-21194 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-21194: Microsoft Surface Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-21194

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-21194 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-21194

CVE-2025-21194 presents a challenge to exploit due to its high attack complexity, but the absence of privilege requirements still makes it a viable target for skilled attackers. A thorough security review is advised.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-21194, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-21194, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-21194 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2025-21194 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-21194 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.053% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 24.84% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 75.16% of others.

CVE-2025-21194 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

NVD-CWE-noinfo

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_50:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_7\+:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_go_3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1997_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1997_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1997:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1997:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1996_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1996_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1996:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_9_with_5g_1996:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1867_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1867_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1867:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1867:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1872_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1872_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1872:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_3_1872:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1958:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1950:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1952:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_laptop_4_1978:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_dev_kit_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_dev_kit_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:windows_dev_kit:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:windows_dev_kit:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_2s_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_hub_3_85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_1983:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_pro_8_for_business_with_lte_advanced_1982:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_3_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1926:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1901:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:microsoft:surface_go_2_1927:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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