CVE-2025-20128 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-20128
Vulnerability Scoring

5.3
/10
Significant Risk

Security assessments indicate that CVE-2025-20128 presents a notable risk, potentially requiring prompt mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-20128 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕑 06 Aug 2025, 14:11 UTC
Originally published on: 🕔 22 Jan 2025, 17:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 195 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

psirt@cisco.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CVE-2025-20128 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-20128: A vulnerability in the Object Linking and Embedding 2 (OLE2) decryption routine of ClamAV could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to an integer underflow in a bounds check that allows for a heap buffer overflow read. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted file containing OLE2 content to be scanned by ClamAV on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to terminate the ClamAV scanning process, resulting in a DoS condition on the affected software. For a description of this vulnerability, see the . Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-20128

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-20128 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-20128

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2025-20128 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-20128, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-20128, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: None
    CVE-2025-20128 has no significant impact on data confidentiality.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2025-20128 poses no threat to data integrity.
  • Availability: Low
    CVE-2025-20128 may slightly degrade system performance without fully affecting service availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.043% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 12.0% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 88.0% of others.

CVE-2025-20128 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-122

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Forced Integer Overflow CAPEC-92 This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.0:rc:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:clamav:clamav:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:-:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:-:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:-:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:-:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.16.3:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.16.3:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.17.2:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.17.2:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.0:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.0:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.0:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.0:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.1:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.1:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.1:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.1:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.2:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.2:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.2:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.18.2:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.20.2:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.20.2:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.21.1:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.21.1:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.22.0:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.22.0:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.22.0:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:1.22.0:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.0.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.0.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.0.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.0.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.1.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.1.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.1.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.1.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.1.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.1.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.19:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.2.19:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:6.3.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.1.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.1.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.1.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.1.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.13:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.2.13:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.3.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.9:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.13.21586:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.13.21586:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.17:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:7.5.17:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.0.1.21160:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.0.1.21160:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.3:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.3.21242:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.3.21242:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.5.21322:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.5.21322:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21417:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21417:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21512:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21512:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21585:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21585:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21585:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.1.7.21585:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.2.3.30119:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint:8.2.3.30119:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint_private_cloud:3.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint_private_cloud:3.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint_private_cloud:3.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:cisco:secure_endpoint_private_cloud:3.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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