CVE-2025-12196 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-12196
Vulnerability Scoring

7.2
/10
Very High Risk

Highly exploitable, CVE-2025-12196 poses a critical security risk that could lead to severe breaches.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: High
    High-level privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-12196 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕞 10 Dec 2025, 15:58 UTC
Originally published on: 🕙 04 Dec 2025, 22:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 5 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2025-12196 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-12196: An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS's CLI could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted CLI command.This vulnerability affects Fireware OS 12.0 up to and including 12.11.4, 12.5 up to and including 12.5.13, and 2025.1 up to and including 2025.1.2.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-12196

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-12196 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-12196

The exploitability of CVE-2025-12196 is influenced by multiple factors. Security teams should analyze system configurations and apply appropriate countermeasures to mitigate threats.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-12196, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-12196, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-12196 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2025-12196 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-12196 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

CVE-2025-12196 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-787

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:2025.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:2025.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:2025.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:2025.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:2025.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:2025.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t115-w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t115-w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t125:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t125:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t125-w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t125-w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t145:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t145:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t145-w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t145-w:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t185:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t185:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u5:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u6:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u7:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u8:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.3:u8:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.1:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.1:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.2:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.2:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.3:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.3:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.5:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.5:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:u3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.7:u3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.9:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.9:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.9:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.9:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.9:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.9:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.12:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.12:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.12:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.12:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.5.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.1:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.1:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.1:u3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.1:u3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.0:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.0:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.2:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.2:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.2:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.7.2:u2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.8.0:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.8.0:u1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:watchguard:fireware:12.11.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m270:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m270:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m290:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m290:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m370:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m370:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m390:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m390:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m440:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m440:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m4600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m4600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m470:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m470:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m4800:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m4800:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m5600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m5600:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m570:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m570:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m5800:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m5800:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m590:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m590:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m670:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m670:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m690:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_m690:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_nv5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_nv5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t20:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t20:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t25:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t25:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t40:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t40:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t45:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t45:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t55:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t55:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t70:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t70:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t80:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t80:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t85:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:fireboxcloud:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:fireboxcloud:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:fireboxv:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:fireboxv:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t15:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t15:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t35:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:h:watchguard:firebox_t35:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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