CVE-2025-0678 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2025-0678
Vulnerability Scoring

6.4
/10
High Risk

If left unpatched, CVE-2025-0678 could lead to major system disruptions or data loss.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: High
    Exploits require significant effort and special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Local
    Vulnerability requires local system access.
  • Privileges Required: High
    High-level privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2025-0678 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕓 21 Mar 2025, 16:15 UTC
Originally published on: 🕔 03 Mar 2025, 17:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 17 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

secalert@redhat.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVE-2025-0678 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2025-0678: A flaw was found in grub2. When reading data from a squash4 filesystem, grub's squash4 fs module uses user-controlled parameters from the filesystem geometry to determine the internal buffer size, however, it improperly checks for integer overflows. A maliciously crafted filesystem may lead some of those buffer size calculations to overflow, causing it to perform a grub_malloc() operation with a smaller size than expected. As a result, the direct_read() will perform a heap based out-of-bounds write during data reading. This flaw may be leveraged to corrupt grub's internal critical data and may result in arbitrary code execution, by-passing secure boot protections.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2025-0678

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2025-0678 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2025-0678

The exploitability of CVE-2025-0678 is influenced by multiple factors. Security teams should analyze system configurations and apply appropriate countermeasures to mitigate threats.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2025-0678, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2025-0678, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2025-0678 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2025-0678 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: High
    CVE-2025-0678 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.043% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 12.0% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 88.0% of others.

CVE-2025-0678 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-190

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Forced Integer Overflow CAPEC-92 This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:1.98:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:1.98:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:1.99:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:1.99:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.00:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.00:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.01:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.01:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.02:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.02:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.04:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.04:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.06:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.06:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:gnu:grub2:2.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_container_platform:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_container_platform:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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