CVE-2024-28085 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2024-28085
Vulnerability Scoring

3.3

/10

Moderate Risk

Exploiting CVE-2024-28085 requires specific conditions, leading to a moderate security impact.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: Low
Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
Attack Vector: Local
Vulnerability requires local system access.
Privileges Required: Low
Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
Scope: Unchanged
Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
User Interaction: None
No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2024-28085 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕠 20 Mar 2025, 17:58 UTC
Originally published on: 🕖 27 Mar 2024, 19:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 357 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVE-2024-28085 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2024-28085: wall in util-linux through 2.40, often installed with setgid tty permissions, allows escape sequences to be sent to other users' terminals through argv. (Specifically, escape sequences received from stdin are blocked, but escape sequences received from argv are not blocked.) There may be plausible scenarios where this leads to account takeover.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2024-28085

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2024-28085 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2024-28085

CVE-2024-28085 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2024-28085, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2024-28085, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: None
CVE-2024-28085 has no significant impact on data confidentiality.
Integrity: Low
Exploiting CVE-2024-28085 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
Availability: None
CVE-2024-28085 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.046% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 20.02% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 79.98% of others.

CVE-2024-28085 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-150

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

Email Injection CAPEC-134 An adversary manipulates the headers and content of an email message by injecting data via the use of delimiter characters native to the protocol.
Using Meta-characters in E-mail Headers to Inject Malicious Payloads CAPEC-41 This type of attack involves an attacker leveraging meta-characters in email headers to inject improper behavior into email programs. Email software has become increasingly sophisticated and feature-rich. In addition, email applications are ubiquitous and connected directly to the Web making them ideal targets to launch and propagate attacks. As the user demand for new functionality in email applications grows, they become more like browsers with complex rendering and plug in routines. As more email functionality is included and abstracted from the user, this creates opportunities for attackers. Virtually all email applications do not list email header information by default, however the email header contains valuable attacker vectors for the attacker to exploit particularly if the behavior of the email client application is known. Meta-characters are hidden from the user, but can contain scripts, enumerations, probes, and other attacks against the user's system.
Web Server Logs Tampering CAPEC-81 Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
Log Injection-Tampering-Forging CAPEC-93 This attack targets the log files of the target host. The attacker injects, manipulates or forges malicious log entries in the log file, allowing them to mislead a log audit, cover traces of attack, or perform other malicious actions. The target host is not properly controlling log access. As a result tainted data is resulting in the log files leading to a failure in accountability, non-repudiation and incident forensics capability.

Vulnerable Configurations

cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24.2-1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24.2-1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.24:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.25:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.26:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.27:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.28:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.29:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.30:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.31:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.32:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.33:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.34:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.34:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.34:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.34:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.34:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.34:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.35:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.36:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.37:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.38:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:kernel:util-linux:2.38:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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