CVE-2024-21678 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2024-21678
Vulnerability Scoring

8.5
/10
Severe Risk

Cybersecurity professionals consider CVE-2024-21678 an immediate threat requiring urgent mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: Low
    Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
  • Scope: Changed
    Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2024-21678 Details

Status: Awaiting Analysis

Last updated: 🕣 21 Nov 2024, 08:54 UTC
Originally published on: 🕕 20 Feb 2024, 18:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 274 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security@atlassian.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N

CVE-2024-21678 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2024-21678: This High severity Stored XSS vulnerability was introduced in version 2.7.0 of Confluence Data Center. This Stored XSS vulnerability, with a CVSS Score of 8.5, allows an authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary HTML or JavaScript code on a victims browser which has high impact to confidentiality, low impact to integrity, no impact to availability, and requires no user interaction. Data Center Atlassian recommends that Confluence Data Center customers upgrade to the latest version. If you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions: ||Affected versions||Fixed versions|| |from 8.7.0 to 8.7.1|8.8.0 recommended or 8.7.2| |from 8.6.0 to 8.6.1|8.8.0 recommended| |from 8.5.0 to 8.5.4 LTS|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.5 LTS or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 8.4.0 to 8.4.5|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 8.3.0 to 8.3.4|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 8.2.0 to 8.2.3|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 8.1.0 to 8.1.4|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 8.0.0 to 8.0.4|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 7.20.0 to 7.20.3|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS| |from 7.19.0 to 7.19.17 LTS|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS or 7.19.18 LTS or 7.19.19 LTS| |from 7.18.0 to 7.18.3|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS or 7.19.19 LTS| |from 7.17.0 to 7.17.5|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS or 7.19.19 LTS| |Any earlier versions|8.8.0 recommended or 8.5.6 LTS or 7.19.19 LTS| Server Atlassian recommends that Confluence Server customers upgrade to the latest 8.5.x LTS version. If you are unable to do so, upgrade your instance to one of the specified supported fixed versions:   ||Affected versions||Fixed versions|| |from 8.5.0 to 8.5.4 LTS|8.5.5 LTS or 8.5.6 LTS recommended | |from 8.4.0 to 8.4.5|8.5.6 LTS recommended| |from 8.3.0 to 8.3.4|8.5.6 LTS recommended| |from 8.2.0 to 8.2.3|8.5.6 LTS recommended| |from 8.1.0 to 8.1.4|8.5.6 LTS recommended| |from 8.0.0 to 8.0.4|8.5.6 LTS recommended| |from 7.20.0 to 7.20.3|8.5.6 LTS recommended| |from 7.19.0 to 7.19.17 LTS|8.5.6 LTS recommended or 7.19.18 LTS or 7.19.19 LTS| |from 7.18.0 to 7.18.3|8.5.6 LTS recommended or 7.19.19 LTS| |from 7.17.0 to 7.17.5|8.5.6 LTS recommended or 7.19.19 LTS| |Any earlier versions|8.5.6 LTS recommended or 7.19.19 LTS| See the release notes ([https://confluence.atlassian.com/doc/confluence-release-notes-327.html]). You can download the latest version of Confluence Data Center from the download center ([https://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/download-archives]). This vulnerability was reported via our Bug Bounty program.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2024-21678

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2024-21678 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2024-21678

CVE-2024-21678 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2024-21678, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2024-21678, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2024-21678 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: Low
    Exploiting CVE-2024-21678 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2024-21678 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.043% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 12.0% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 88.0% of others.

CVE-2024-21678 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-79

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch CAPEC-209 An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.
  • DOM-Based XSS CAPEC-588 This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.
  • Reflected XSS CAPEC-591 This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.
  • Stored XSS CAPEC-592 An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.
  • Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) CAPEC-63 An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.
  • AJAX Footprinting CAPEC-85 This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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