CVE-2023-31597 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2023-31597
Vulnerability Scoring

6.5
/10
High Risk

If left unpatched, CVE-2023-31597 could lead to major system disruptions or data loss.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2023-31597 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕒 22 Jan 2025, 15:15 UTC
Originally published on: 🕕 18 May 2023, 18:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 614 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVE-2023-31597 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2023-31597: An issue in Zammad v5.4.0 allows attackers to bypass e-mail verification using an arbitrary address and manipulate the data of the generated user. Attackers are also able to gain unauthorized access to existing tickets.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2023-31597

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2023-31597 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2023-31597

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2023-31597 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2023-31597, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2023-31597, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: Low
    CVE-2023-31597 could lead to minor leaks of non-critical information without major privacy breaches.
  • Integrity: Low
    Exploiting CVE-2023-31597 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2023-31597 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.113% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 46.48% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 53.52% of others.

CVE-2023-31597 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-863

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:2.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:3.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:4.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.0:alpha:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.0:alpha:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zammad:zammad:5.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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