CVE-2023-28841 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2023-28841
Vulnerability Scoring

6.8

/10

High Risk

If left unpatched, CVE-2023-28841 could lead to major system disruptions or data loss.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: High
Exploits require significant effort and special conditions.
Attack Vector: Network
Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
Privileges Required: None
No privileges are required for exploitation.
Scope: Changed
Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
User Interaction: None
No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2023-28841 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕢 21 Nov 2024, 07:56 UTC
Originally published on: 🕙 04 Apr 2023, 22:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 596 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security-advisories@github.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVE-2023-28841 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2023-28841: Moby is an open source container framework developed by Docker Inc. that is distributed as Docker, Mirantis Container Runtime, and various other downstream projects/products. The Moby daemon component (`dockerd`), which is developed as moby/moby is commonly referred to as *Docker*. Swarm Mode, which is compiled in and delivered by default in `dockerd` and is thus present in most major Moby downstreams, is a simple, built-in container orchestrator that is implemented through a combination of SwarmKit and supporting network code. The `overlay` network driver is a core feature of Swarm Mode, providing isolated virtual LANs that allow communication between containers and services across the cluster. This driver is an implementation/user of VXLAN, which encapsulates link-layer (Ethernet) frames in UDP datagrams that tag the frame with the VXLAN metadata, including a VXLAN Network ID (VNI) that identifies the originating overlay network. In addition, the overlay network driver supports an optional, off-by-default encrypted mode, which is especially useful when VXLAN packets traverses an untrusted network between nodes. Encrypted overlay networks function by encapsulating the VXLAN datagrams through the use of the IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload protocol in Transport mode. By deploying IPSec encapsulation, encrypted overlay networks gain the additional properties of source authentication through cryptographic proof, data integrity through check-summing, and confidentiality through encryption. When setting an endpoint up on an encrypted overlay network, Moby installs three iptables (Linux kernel firewall) rules that enforce both incoming and outgoing IPSec. These rules rely on the `u32` iptables extension provided by the `xt_u32` kernel module to directly filter on a VXLAN packet's VNI field, so that IPSec guarantees can be enforced on encrypted overlay networks without interfering with other overlay networks or other users of VXLAN. An iptables rule designates outgoing VXLAN datagrams with a VNI that corresponds to an encrypted overlay network for IPsec encapsulation. Encrypted overlay networks on affected platforms silently transmit unencrypted data. As a result, `overlay` networks may appear to be functional, passing traffic as expected, but without any of the expected confidentiality or data integrity guarantees. It is possible for an attacker sitting in a trusted position on the network to read all of the application traffic that is moving across the overlay network, resulting in unexpected secrets or user data disclosure. Thus, because many database protocols, internal APIs, etc. are not protected by a second layer of encryption, a user may use Swarm encrypted overlay networks to provide confidentiality, which due to this vulnerability this is no longer guaranteed. Patches are available in Moby releases 23.0.3, and 20.10.24. As Mirantis Container Runtime's 20.10 releases are numbered differently, users of that platform should update to 20.10.16. Some workarounds are available. Close the VXLAN port (by default, UDP port 4789) to outgoing traffic at the Internet boundary in order to prevent unintentionally leaking unencrypted traffic over the Internet, and/or ensure that the `xt_u32` kernel module is available on all nodes of the Swarm cluster.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2023-28841

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2023-28841 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2023-28841

CVE-2023-28841 presents a challenge to exploit due to its high attack complexity, but the absence of privilege requirements still makes it a viable target for skilled attackers. A thorough security review is advised.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2023-28841, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2023-28841, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: High
Exploiting CVE-2023-28841 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
Integrity: None
CVE-2023-28841 poses no threat to data integrity.
Availability: None
CVE-2023-28841 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.318% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 70.66% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 29.340000000000003% of others.

CVE-2023-28841 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-755

Vulnerable Configurations

cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.2:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.2:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.3:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.3:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.4:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.12.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.13.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.13.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:1.13.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:17.10.0:ce:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:17.10.0:ce-rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:a:mobyproject:moby:17.10.0:ce-rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
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