CVE-2023-28799 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2023-28799
Vulnerability Scoring

8.2
/10
Severe Risk

Cybersecurity professionals consider CVE-2023-28799 an immediate threat requiring urgent mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: High
    Exploits require significant effort and special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: Low
    Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
  • Scope: Changed
    Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2023-28799 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕢 21 Nov 2024, 07:56 UTC
Originally published on: 🕗 22 Jun 2023, 20:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 517 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

cve@zscaler.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVE-2023-28799 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2023-28799: A URL parameter during login flow was vulnerable to injection. An attacker could insert a malicious domain in this parameter, which would redirect the user after auth and send the authorization token to the redirected domain.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2023-28799

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2023-28799 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2023-28799

This vulnerability, CVE-2023-28799, requires a high level of attack complexity and low privileges, making it difficult but not impossible to exploit. Organizations should ensure robust security configurations to mitigate risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2023-28799, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2023-28799, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2023-28799 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: High
    CVE-2023-28799 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2023-28799 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.175% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 55.72% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 44.28% of others.

CVE-2023-28799 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Cross-Site Flashing CAPEC-178 An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:-:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3.0.31:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3.0.31:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3.1.6:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.3.1.6:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.4:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.4:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.4.0.58:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.4.0.58:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.4.0.105:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.4.0.105:*:*:*:*:linux:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.3:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.3:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.4:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.4:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.5:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.5:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.6:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.6:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.7:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.9.7:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:chrome_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:chrome_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.1:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:chrome_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:chrome_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.2:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.3:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.3:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.4:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.10.4:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.12:*:*:*:*:chrome_os:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.12:*:*:*:*:chrome_os:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.12:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:1.12:*:*:*:*:android:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.81:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.81:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.105:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.105:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.112:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.112:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.113:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:2.1.2.113:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0.111:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0.111:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0.117:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0.117:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0.129:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.1.0.129:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.2:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.2:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.2.0.87:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.2.0.87:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.2.1.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.2.1.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.4:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.4:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.4.0.124:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.4.0.124:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.4.1.4:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.4.1.4:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.5:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.5.0.108:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.5.0.108:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1.20:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1.20:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1.23:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1.23:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1.26:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.6.1.26:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.0.182:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.0.182:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.0.183:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.0.183:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1.42:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1.42:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1.48:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1.48:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1.49:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:zscaler:client_connector:3.7.1.49:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*

Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2023-28799: Combat Critical CVE Threats

Stay updated with real-time CVE vulnerabilities and take action to secure your systems. Enhance your cybersecurity posture with the latest threat intelligence and mitigation techniques. Develop the skills necessary to defend against CVEs and secure critical infrastructures. Join the top cybersecurity professionals safeguarding today's infrastructures.

Other 5 Recently Published CVEs Vulnerabilities

  • CVE-2025-2130 – A vulnerability was found in OpenXE up to 1.12. It has been declared as problematic. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Ticke...
  • CVE-2025-26205 – Lua 5.4.7, when the debug library is used, has a out-of-bounds read and segmentation violation in mainpositionTV in ltable.c. NOTE: this is dispute...
  • CVE-2025-26204 – Lua 5.4.7, when the debug library is used, has a out-of-bounds read and segmentation violation in equalkey in ltable.c. NOTE: this is disputed beca...
  • CVE-2025-2129 – A vulnerability was found in Mage AI 0.9.75. It has been classified as problematic. This affects an unknown part. The manipulation leads to insecur...
  • CVE-2025-2127 – A vulnerability was found in JoomlaUX JUX Real Estate 3.4.0 on Joomla. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of th...