CVE-2022-28977 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2022-28977
Vulnerability Scoring

6.1
/10
High Risk

If left unpatched, CVE-2022-28977 could lead to major system disruptions or data loss.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Changed
    Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: Required
    User interaction is necessary for successful exploitation.

CVE-2022-28977 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕓 27 May 2025, 16:15 UTC
Originally published on: 🕐 22 Sep 2022, 01:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 978 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

nvd@nist.gov

CVSS3 Type

Primary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVE-2022-28977 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2022-28977: HtmlUtil.escapeRedirect in Liferay Portal 7.3.1 through 7.4.2, and Liferay DXP 7.0 fix pack 91 through 101, 7.1 fix pack 17 through 25, 7.2 fix pack 5 through 14, and 7.3 before service pack 3 can be circumvented by using multiple forward slashes, which allows remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external URLs via the (1) 'redirect` parameter (2) `FORWARD_URL` parameter, and (3) others parameters that rely on HtmlUtil.escapeRedirect.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2022-28977

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2022-28977 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2022-28977

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2022-28977 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2022-28977, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2022-28977, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: Low
    CVE-2022-28977 could lead to minor leaks of non-critical information without major privacy breaches.
  • Integrity: Low
    Exploiting CVE-2022-28977 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2022-28977 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.12% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 47.82% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 52.18% of others.

CVE-2022-28977 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Cross-Site Flashing CAPEC-178 An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_100:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_100:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_101:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_101:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_91:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_91:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_92:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_92:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_93:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_93:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_94:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_94:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_95:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_95:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_96:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_96:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_97:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_97:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_98:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_98:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_99:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.0:fix_pack_99:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_17:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_17:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_18:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_18:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_19:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_19:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_20:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_20:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_21:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_21:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_22:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_22:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_23:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_23:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_24:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_24:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_25:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.1:fix_pack_25:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_10:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_10:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_11:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_11:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_12:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_12:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_13:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_13:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_14:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_14:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_5:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_5:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_6:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_6:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_7:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_7:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_8:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_8:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_9:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:digital_experience_platform:7.2:fix_pack_9:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:dxp:7.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:dxp:7.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:dxp:7.3:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:dxp:7.3:sp1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:dxp:7.3:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:dxp:7.3:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.1:ga2:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.1:ga2:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.2:ga3:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.2:ga3:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.3:ga4:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.3:ga4:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.4:ga5:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.4:ga5:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.5:ga6:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.5:ga6:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.6:ga7:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.6:ga7:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.7:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.7:*:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3:ga1:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3:ga1:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3:ga2:*:*:community:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.3:ga2:*:*:community:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.4.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.4.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:liferay:liferay_portal:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2022-28977: Combat Critical CVE Threats

Stay updated with real-time CVE vulnerabilities and take action to secure your systems. Enhance your cybersecurity posture with the latest threat intelligence and mitigation techniques. Develop the skills necessary to defend against CVEs and secure critical infrastructures. Join the top cybersecurity professionals safeguarding today's infrastructures.

Other 5 Recently Published CVEs Vulnerabilities

  • CVE-2025-5447 – A vulnerability was found in Linksys RE6500, RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. It ...
  • CVE-2025-37094 – A directory traversal arbitrary file deletion vulnerability exists in HPE StoreOnce Software.
  • CVE-2025-37093 – An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in HPE StoreOnce Software.
  • CVE-2025-37092 – A command injection remote code execution vulnerability exists in HPE StoreOnce Software.
  • CVE-2025-37091 – A command injection remote code execution vulnerability exists in HPE StoreOnce Software.