CVE-2021-39134 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2021-39134
Vulnerability Scoring

8.2

/10

Severe Risk

Cybersecurity professionals consider CVE-2021-39134 an immediate threat requiring urgent mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: Low
Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
Attack Vector: Local
Vulnerability requires local system access.
Privileges Required: None
No privileges are required for exploitation.
Scope: Changed
Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
User Interaction: Required
User interaction is necessary for successful exploitation.

CVE-2021-39134 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕕 21 Nov 2024, 06:18 UTC
Originally published on: 🕔 31 Aug 2021, 17:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 1177 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security-advisories@github.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

CVE-2021-39134 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2021-39134: `@npmcli/arborist`, the library that calculates dependency trees and manages the `node_modules` folder hierarchy for the npm command line interface, aims to guarantee that package dependency contracts will be met, and the extraction of package contents will always be performed into the expected folder. This is, in part, accomplished by resolving dependency specifiers defined in `package.json` manifests for dependencies with a specific name, and nesting folders to resolve conflicting dependencies. When multiple dependencies differ only in the case of their name, Arborist's internal data structure saw them as separate items that could coexist within the same level in the `node_modules` hierarchy. However, on case-insensitive file systems (such as macOS and Windows), this is not the case. Combined with a symlink dependency such as `file:/some/path`, this allowed an attacker to create a situation in which arbitrary contents could be written to any location on the filesystem. For example, a package `pwn-a` could define a dependency in their `package.json` file such as `"foo": "file:/some/path"`. Another package, `pwn-b` could define a dependency such as `FOO: "file:foo.tgz"`. On case-insensitive file systems, if `pwn-a` was installed, and then `pwn-b` was installed afterwards, the contents of `foo.tgz` would be written to `/some/path`, and any existing contents of `/some/path` would be removed. Anyone using npm v7.20.6 or earlier on a case-insensitive filesystem is potentially affected. This is patched in @npmcli/arborist 2.8.2 which is included in npm v7.20.7 and above.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2021-39134

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2021-39134 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2021-39134

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2021-39134 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2021-39134, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2021-39134, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: High
Exploiting CVE-2021-39134 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
Integrity: High
CVE-2021-39134 could allow unauthorized modifications to data, potentially affecting system reliability and trust.
Availability: None
CVE-2021-39134 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.092% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 41.71% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 58.29% of others.

CVE-2021-39134 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-178

Vulnerable Configurations

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cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:arborist:2.7.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:arborist:2.7.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:arborist:2.8.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:arborist:2.8.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:arborist:2.8.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:arborist:2.8.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:npm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:npmjs:npm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:20.3.3:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:20.3.3:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:21.2.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:graalvm:21.2.0:*:*:*:enterprise:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinec_infrastructure_network_services:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinec_infrastructure_network_services:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinec_infrastructure_network_services:1.0.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:siemens:sinec_infrastructure_network_services:1.0.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*

Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2021-39134: Combat Critical CVE Threats

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