CVE-2021-31378 Security Vulnerability & Exploit Details

CVE-2021-31378
Vulnerability Scoring

6.8

/10

High Risk

If left unpatched, CVE-2021-31378 could lead to major system disruptions or data loss.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: High
Exploits require significant effort and special conditions.
Attack Vector: Network
Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
Privileges Required: None
No privileges are required for exploitation.
Scope: Changed
Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
User Interaction: None
No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2021-31378 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕕 21 Nov 2024, 06:05 UTC
Originally published on: 🕖 19 Oct 2021, 19:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 1128 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

sirt@juniper.net

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVE-2021-31378 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2021-31378: In broadband environments, including but not limited to Enhanced Subscriber Management, (CHAP, PPP, DHCP, etc.), on Juniper Networks Junos OS devices where RADIUS servers are configured for managing subscriber access and a subscriber is logged in and then requests to logout, the subscriber may be forced into a "Terminating" state by an attacker who is able to send spoofed messages appearing to originate from trusted RADIUS server(s) destined to the device in response to the subscriber's request. These spoofed messages cause the Junos OS General Authentication Service (authd) daemon to force the broadband subscriber into this "Terminating" state which the subscriber will not recover from thereby causing a Denial of Service (DoS) to the endpoint device. Once in the "Terminating" state, the endpoint subscriber will no longer be able to access the network. Restarting the authd daemon on the Junos OS device will temporarily clear the subscribers out of the "Terminating" state. As long as the attacker continues to send these spoofed packets and subscribers request to be logged out, the subscribers will be returned to the "Terminating" state thereby creating a persistent Denial of Service to the subscriber. An indicator of compromise may be seen by displaying the output of "show subscribers summary". The presence of subscribers in the "Terminating" state may indicate the issue is occurring. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S12; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R3-S5; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S13; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R3-S8; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R3-S5; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R2-S8, 18.4R3-S9; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R3-S6; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S7, 19.2R3-S3; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S6, 19.3R3-S3; 19.4 versions prior to 19.4R1-S4, 19.4R1-S4, 19.4R3-S3; 20.1 versions prior to 20.1R3; 20.2 versions prior to 20.2R3-S1; 20.3 versions prior to 20.3R3; 20.4 versions prior to 20.4R3; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R2. This issue does not affect: Juniper Networks Junos OS 12.3 version 12.3R1 and later versions; 15.1 version 15.1R1 and later versions.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2021-31378

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2021-31378 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2021-31378

CVE-2021-31378 presents a challenge to exploit due to its high attack complexity, but the absence of privilege requirements still makes it a viable target for skilled attackers. A thorough security review is advised.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2021-31378, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2021-31378, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: None
CVE-2021-31378 has no significant impact on data confidentiality.
Integrity: None
CVE-2021-31378 poses no threat to data integrity.
Availability: High
CVE-2021-31378 can disrupt system operations, potentially causing complete denial of service (DoS).

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.116% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 47.25% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 52.75% of others.

CVE-2021-31378 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-772

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

HTTP DoS CAPEC-469 An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.

Vulnerable Configurations

cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r1:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r1-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r1-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r1-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s4:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r2-s5:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s1:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s10:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s10:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s11:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s11:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.3:r3-s3:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.4:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.4:r1-s7:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.4:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:17.4:r2-s8:*:*:*:*:*:*
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cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:18.1:r3-s7:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:18.1:r3-s8:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:juniper:junos:18.1:r3-s8:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2021-31378: Combat Critical CVE Threats

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