CVE-2021-29481 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2021-29481
Vulnerability Scoring

6.5
/10
High Risk

If left unpatched, CVE-2021-29481 could lead to major system disruptions or data loss.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Network
    Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
  • Privileges Required: None
    No privileges are required for exploitation.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: Required
    User interaction is necessary for successful exploitation.

CVE-2021-29481 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕕 21 Nov 2024, 06:01 UTC
Originally published on: 🕖 29 Jun 2021, 19:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 1240 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security-advisories@github.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVE-2021-29481 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2021-29481: Ratpack is a toolkit for creating web applications. In versions prior to 1.9.0, the default configuration of client side sessions results in unencrypted, but signed, data being set as cookie values. This means that if something sensitive goes into the session, it could be read by something with access to the cookies. For this to be a vulnerability, some kind of sensitive data would need to be stored in the session and the session cookie would have to leak. For example, the cookies are not configured with httpOnly and an adjacent XSS vulnerability within the site allowed capture of the cookies. As of version 1.9.0, a securely randomly generated signing key is used. As a workaround, one may supply an encryption key, as per the documentation recommendation.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2021-29481

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2021-29481 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2021-29481

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2021-29481 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2021-29481, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2021-29481, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: High
    Exploiting CVE-2021-29481 can result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, severely compromising data privacy.
  • Integrity: None
    CVE-2021-29481 poses no threat to data integrity.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2021-29481 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.101% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 43.57% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 56.43% of others.

CVE-2021-29481 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-312

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data CAPEC-37 An attacker examines a target system to find sensitive data that has been embedded within it. This information can reveal confidential contents, such as account numbers or individual keys/credentials that can be used as an intermediate step in a larger attack.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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