CVE-2021-29480 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2021-29480
Vulnerability Scoring

4.4
/10
Medium Risk

The vulnerability CVE-2021-29480 could compromise system integrity but typically requires user interaction to be exploited.

Attack Complexity Details

  • Attack Complexity: Low
    Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
  • Attack Vector: Local
    Vulnerability requires local system access.
  • Privileges Required: Low
    Some privileges are necessary to exploit the vulnerability.
  • Scope: Unchanged
    Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
  • User Interaction: None
    No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2021-29480 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕕 21 Nov 2024, 06:01 UTC
Originally published on: 🕖 29 Jun 2021, 19:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 1240 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security-advisories@github.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVE-2021-29480 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2021-29480: Ratpack is a toolkit for creating web applications. In versions prior to 1.9.0, the client side session module uses the application startup time as the signing key by default. This means that if an attacker can determine this time, and if encryption is not also used (which is recommended, but is not on by default), the session data could be tampered with by someone with the ability to write cookies. The default configuration is unsuitable for production use as an application restart renders all sessions invalid and is not multi-host compatible, but its use is not actively prevented. As of Ratpack 1.9.0, the default value is a securely randomly generated value, generated at application startup time. As a workaround, supply an alternative signing key, as per the documentation's recommendation.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2021-29480

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2021-29480 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2021-29480

CVE-2021-29480 presents an accessible attack vector with minimal effort required. Restricting access controls and implementing security updates are critical to reducing exploitation risks.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2021-29480, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2021-29480, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

  • Confidentiality: Low
    CVE-2021-29480 could lead to minor leaks of non-critical information without major privacy breaches.
  • Integrity: Low
    Exploiting CVE-2021-29480 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
  • Availability: None
    CVE-2021-29480 does not impact system availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.05% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 22.55% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 77.45% of others.

CVE-2021-29480 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-330

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

  • Brute Force CAPEC-112 In this attack, some asset (information, functionality, identity, etc.) is protected by a finite secret value. The attacker attempts to gain access to this asset by using trial-and-error to exhaustively explore all the possible secret values in the hope of finding the secret (or a value that is functionally equivalent) that will unlock the asset.
  • Signature Spoofing by Key Recreation CAPEC-485 An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by exploiting a cryptographic weakness in the signature algorithm or pseudorandom number generation and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
  • Session Credential Falsification through Prediction CAPEC-59 This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

Vulnerable Configurations

  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:0.9.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.0.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.2.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.3.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.5.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.7.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ratpack_project:ratpack:1.8.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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