CVE-2021-23408 Security Vulnerability & Exploit Details

CVE-2021-23408
Vulnerability Scoring

5.4

/10

Significant Risk

Security assessments indicate that CVE-2021-23408 presents a notable risk, potentially requiring prompt mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: Low
Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
Attack Vector: Network
Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
Privileges Required: None
No privileges are required for exploitation.
Scope: Unchanged
Exploit remains within the originally vulnerable component.
User Interaction: Required
User interaction is necessary for successful exploitation.

CVE-2021-23408 Details

Status: Modified

Last updated: 🕠 21 Nov 2024, 05:51 UTC
Originally published on: 🕓 21 Jul 2021, 16:15 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 1218 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

report@snyk.io

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

CVE-2021-23408 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2021-23408: This affects the package com.graphhopper:graphhopper-web-bundle before 3.2, from 4.0-pre1 and before 4.0. The URL parser could be tricked into adding or modifying properties of Object.prototype using a constructor or __proto__ payload.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2021-23408

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2021-23408 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2021-23408

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2021-23408 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2021-23408, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2021-23408, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: Low
CVE-2021-23408 could lead to minor leaks of non-critical information without major privacy breaches.
Integrity: None
CVE-2021-23408 poses no threat to data integrity.
Availability: Low
CVE-2021-23408 may slightly degrade system performance without fully affecting service availability.

Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS)

The EPSS score estimates the probability that this vulnerability will be exploited in the near future.

EPSS Score: 0.161% (probability of exploit)

EPSS Percentile: 54.05% (lower percentile = lower relative risk)
This vulnerability is less risky than approximately 45.95% of others.

CVE-2021-23408 References

External References

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1321

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs CAPEC-1 In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels CAPEC-180 An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
Manipulating User-Controlled Variables CAPEC-77 This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

Vulnerable Configurations

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Protect Your Infrastructure against CVE-2021-23408: Combat Critical CVE Threats

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