CVE-2026-44966 Vulnerability Analysis & Exploit Details

CVE-2026-44966
Vulnerability Scoring

8.3

/10

Severe Risk

Cybersecurity professionals consider CVE-2026-44966 an immediate threat requiring urgent mitigation.

Attack Complexity Details

Attack Complexity: Low
Exploits can be performed without significant complexity or special conditions.
Attack Vector: Network
Vulnerability is exploitable over a network without physical access.
Privileges Required: None
No privileges are required for exploitation.
Scope: Changed
Successful exploitation can impact components beyond the vulnerable component.
User Interaction: None
No user interaction is necessary for exploitation.

CVE-2026-44966 Details

Status: Analyzed

Last updated: 🕛 24 Jul 2026, 12:10 UTC
Originally published on: 🕙 26 May 2026, 22:16 UTC

Time between publication and last update: 58 days

CVSS Release: version 3

CVSS3 Source

security-advisories@github.com

CVSS3 Type

Secondary

CVSS3 Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVE-2026-44966 Vulnerability Summary

CVE-2026-44966: Velocity.js is a JavaScript implementation of the Apache Velocity template engine. In 2.1.5 and earlier, a prototype pollution vulnerability was discovered in velocityjs. This issue occurs during the processing of #set directives in Velocity templates. If an application renders a template controlled by an attacker, it is possible to modify Object.prototype, potentially leading to Denial of Service (DoS) or Remote Code Execution (RCE) depending on the server environment.

Assessing the Risk of CVE-2026-44966

Access Complexity Graph

The exploitability of CVE-2026-44966 depends on two key factors: attack complexity (the level of effort required to execute an exploit) and privileges required (the access level an attacker needs).

Exploitability Analysis for CVE-2026-44966

With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE-2026-44966 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Understanding AC and PR

A lower complexity and fewer privilege requirements make exploitation easier. Security teams should evaluate these aspects to determine the urgency of mitigation strategies, such as patch management and access control policies.

Attack Complexity (AC) measures the difficulty in executing an exploit. A high AC means that specific conditions must be met, making an attack more challenging, while a low AC means the vulnerability can be exploited with minimal effort.

Privileges Required (PR) determine the level of system access necessary for an attack. Vulnerabilities requiring no privileges are more accessible to attackers, whereas high privilege requirements limit exploitation to authorized users with elevated access.

CVSS Score Breakdown Chart

Above is the CVSS Sub-score Breakdown for CVE-2026-44966, illustrating how Base, Impact, and Exploitability factors combine to form the overall severity rating. A higher sub-score typically indicates a more severe or easier-to-exploit vulnerability.

CIA Impact Analysis

Below is the Impact Analysis for CVE-2026-44966, showing how Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability might be affected if the vulnerability is exploited. Higher values usually signal greater potential damage.

Confidentiality: Low
CVE-2026-44966 could lead to minor leaks of non-critical information without major privacy breaches.
Integrity: Low
Exploiting CVE-2026-44966 may cause minor changes to data without severely impacting its accuracy.
Availability: Low
CVE-2026-44966 may slightly degrade system performance without fully affecting service availability.

CVE-2026-44966 References

External References

https://github.com/shepherdwind/velocity.js/security/advisories/GHSA-j658-c2gf-x6pq

CWE Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1321

CAPEC Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification

Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs CAPEC-1 In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels CAPEC-180 An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
Manipulating User-Controlled Variables CAPEC-77 This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.

Vulnerable Configurations

cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.7:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.7:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.8:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.8:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.9:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.9:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.10:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.10:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.11:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.11:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.12:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.12:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.13:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.13:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.14:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.14:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.15:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.15:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.16:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.3.16:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.7:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.7:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.8:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.8:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.9:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.9:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.10:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.10:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.11:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.4.11:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha2:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha2:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha3:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha3:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha4:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha4:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha5:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha5:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha6:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.5.0:alpha6:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.6.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.6.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.6.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.6.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.6.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.6.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.0:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.0:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.0:beta1:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.0:beta1:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.5:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.5:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.5:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.7.5:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.8.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.9.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.10.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.10.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.10.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:0.10.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.2:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.2:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.2:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.0.2:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:1.1.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.0:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.5:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.5:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.5:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.5:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.0.6:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.0:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.0:-:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.0:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.0:beta:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.2:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.3:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.4:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:shepherdwind:velocity.js:2.1.5:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

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